The 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design in Classrooms
Classroom with Biophilic Design: 14 Elements for Better Learning
In today’s fast-paced, technology-driven world, students often spend hours in classrooms with artificial lighting, rigid furniture, and limited exposure to nature. Research shows that biophilic design—incorporating natural elements into learning spaces—can improve focus, reduce stress, and boost creativity. A 2015 study by Terrapin Bright Green found that students in classrooms with biophilic design interior elements performed 20% better on memory retention tests and showed reduced stress levels. Whether you’re a teacher or a school administrator, simple biophilic interior design changes can transform your classroom into a healthier, more engaging space.
This guide explores 14 biophilic design principles and how you can apply them in a biophilic classroom design setting.
The 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design in Classrooms
1. Visual Connection with Nature
Students exposed to architecture biophilic design viewports experience a 7-25% increase in mental function and memory performance, according to research from the University of Oregon. When students have access to outdoor views of greenery, they tend to feel more relaxed and engaged, which improves their ability to focus on lessons.
To implement this, position desks near windows with outdoor views of trees or gardens. If a view is unavailable, use high-resolution images of nature, nature-themed murals, or indoor plants. Nature-themed classroom decor can also help bring the outdoors inside, creating a built environment nature connection even in windowless classrooms.
2. Non-Visual Connection with Nature
Even if direct outdoor views aren’t possible, students can still experience the benefits of biophilic design through sound and scent. Studies show that birdsong and water sounds improve mood and concentration by lowering stress hormones and promoting a sense of calm.
You can introduce these elements by playing nature sounds (birdsong, rain, waves) via a low-volume speaker during quiet activities. Additionally, incorporating mild natural scents like lavender or eucalyptus through essential oils or fresh flowers can create a more soothing classroom atmosphere.
3. Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli
Subtle, unpredictable stimuli like moving leaves or shifting light patterns can enhance focus and improve cognitive function. A study published in Frontiers in Psychology suggests that exposure to biophilic patterns in nature’s dynamic elements can help maintain attention for longer periods.
To achieve this, add hanging plants, mobiles, or sheer curtains that move with airflow. Consider allowing natural ventilation to introduce gentle, refreshing breezes into the space. If possible, introduce fish tanks with swimming fish, which also provide gentle motion that students find engaging.
4. Thermal & Airflow Variability
Classrooms with consistent, artificial air conditioning often lead to discomfort and fatigue. A University of California study found that students in classrooms with thermal lamp; airflow variability had higher concentration levels and fewer distractions.
To address this, ensure classrooms have fans, windows, or adjustable vents for better air circulation. If possible, provide seating options that allow students to choose their comfort level, such as cozy cushions or temperature-regulating furniture materials like breathable mesh chairs.
5. Presence of Water
Water has a calming effect on the mind and enhances human well-being. A 2010 study in Environmental Psychology found that simply hearing water sounds can expedite healing and enhance creativity.
Teachers can incorporate presence of water by adding small tabletop water fountains or an aquarium with fish. If physical water features are impractical, water-themed images such as rivers, lakes, or oceans can also create a similar psychological effect.
6. Dynamic & Diffuse Light
Lighting plays a crucial role in cognitive performance. A Heschong Mahone Group study found that students in naturally lit classrooms performed 16% better on standardized tests compared to those in artificially lit rooms.
Maximize dynamic & diffuse light by arranging seating near windows and using blinds to adjust brightness. If natural light is limited, opt for warm LED lighting that mimics sunlight rather than harsh fluorescent bulbs.
7. Connection with Natural Systems
Observing nature’s changes, such as seasons or weather patterns, fosters awareness and curiosity. The Biophilic Design Guidebook highlights the positive impact of such connections on student engagement.
This can be achieved by creating a classroom garden with seasonal plants, allowing students to see nature’s cycles firsthand. Incorporating seasonal classroom decorations—such as autumn leaves or spring flowers—also helps maintain a dynamic and engaging environment.
8. Biomorphic Forms & Patterns
Nature-inspired design can reduce stress and improve cognitive function. A Journal of Environmental Psychology study found that students surrounded by biophilic patterns felt more relaxed and cognitively stimulated.
To implement this, use organic patterns in classroom decor, such as wall art featuring tree branches, leaf motifs, or floral patterns. Curved furniture instead of straight-edged pieces can also promote a softer, more nature-inspired design environment.
9. Material Connection with Nature
Tactile experiences with natural materials improve well-being. Classrooms with wooden furniture and textured surfaces feel more inviting and comfortable.
Consider incorporating wooden desks, cork boards, woven rugs, or stone-textured elements into the room to bring warmth and texture to the space. These elements create a sensory stimuli connection to nature, reducing stress and enhancing focus.
10. Prospect
Providing open views of the classroom enhances awareness and promotes a sense of security. A study from the University of Salford found that classroom layouts with clear sightlines to teachers and peers significantly improved student engagement and participation.
Arrange desks in a way that maximizes visibility while maintaining an open, inviting atmosphere. Flexible seating arrangements, such as semi-circular desks or tiered seating, can further enhance collaboration and ensure that all students feel included in discussions.
11. Refuge
Designing small, quiet spaces helps students retreat from overstimulation by providing a sanctuary for mental recharging. Research from the American Institute of Architects highlights that refuge spaces—one of the 14 biophilic design principles—enhance human well-being by fostering a sense of security and reducing anxiety.
To implement this, create reading nooks with soft lighting, use cushioned corners for comfort, and add small dividers or canopy spaces that allow students to momentarily step away from the classroom's busyness. Even incorporating sound-absorbing materials like fabric panels or rugs can further enhance these calming areas.
12. Mystery
Incorporate partially hidden or winding pathways with bookshelves or modular furniture to encourage curiosity and exploration in the learning environment.
This can be executed by strategically placing bookshelves to create natural partitions, using modular furniture that allows for reconfiguration, and integrating nature-inspired design elements such as wood-textured panels or leafy archways. These features align with biophilic design architecture by fostering a sense of discovery while maintaining an organized flow within the classroom space.
13. Risk & Peril
Introduce elements of controlled challenge, such as elevated seating or balance-based seating like wobble stools, to keep students engaged and active.
To execute this, consider incorporating standing desks, balance cushions, or climbing structures that allow controlled movement. Arrange seating areas with varied heights and textures to encourage dynamic postures.
Some ideas include integrating rock-climbing grips on a designated classroom wall, introducing small agility ladders for movement breaks, or using step platforms for alternative seating options. These features promote subtle risk-taking and active learning while maintaining a safe environment.
14. Complexity & Order
Use symmetrical patterns in classroom decor and structured arrangements of plants and furniture to create a stimulating yet organized learning space.
To execute this, arrange desks and bookshelves in symmetrical formations, use planters in mirrored layouts, and incorporate geometric-patterned rugs or wall art.
Some ideas include creating a central focal point with a nature-inspired mural, using evenly spaced hanging planters, or designing study zones with matching furniture pieces for a balanced aesthetic.
Conclusion
By integrating these 14 biophilic design principles, classrooms can become more engaging, healthier, and inspiring for students. Studies show that these changes reduce stress, improve cognitive function, enhance creativity, and expedite healing.
Looking for unique classroom decor? Check out our collections of fun classroom decors.
For a concise explanation of these patterns, refer to this Biophilic Design Resource.
For more innovative classroom design ideas, check out our latest blog on Flexible Learning Spaces for Classrooms and discover how adaptable environments can further enhance student engagement!