The American Civil War was fought over slavery and states' rights. The Union's victory ended slavery, preserved the U.S., and shaped its future, costing over 600,000 lives.

The American Revolution was a fight for independence from British rule. Sparked by taxes and lack of representation, it led to U.S. independence and the birth of a new nation.

WWI involved global powers, triggered by alliances and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. It ended with Allied victory and the Treaty of Versailles.

WWII was sparked by Nazi expansion. The Allies defeated the Axis powers, ending with Germany’s surrender and atomic bombings in Japan, reshaping global power.

The Cold War was a tense rivalry between the U.S. and USSR, marked by ideological, political, and nuclear competition, but no direct conflict.

The Roman Empire rose through conquest and governance, dominating Europe and beyond. It fell due to internal strife, invasions, and economic decline, shaping Western history.